ASSESSING SUSTAINABILITY IN AGRICULTURE: A MULTICRITERIA APPROACH

Environmental Economics and Policy,

PLANETOR: THE POTENTIAL TO ADAPT IT FOR ITALY

This paper will discuss some of the results from studying Planetor, a computer program that the Center for Farm Financial Management is working on, to try to use it with Italian farm data, and to test if and how it would be possible to develop an Italian version of the program. Planetor is a computer program designed to help farmers evaluate the impacts of implementing sustainable farming practices.Environmental Economics and Policy, Farm Management,

THE CHANGING INFORMATION NEEDS OF FARMERS IN THE U.S. AND EUROPE

Both policy and market forces are causing unprecedented changes in agricultural structure and management in both the United States and in Europe. These changes will have profound impacts on the role of universities and extension services who provide information and education to farmers. This paper discusses some of the emerging and anticipated changes in information content and delivery in both the US and the EU. Some of the primary issues US agricultural producers will need to address as a result of the changes in the agricultural industry and policy include: strategic positioning, transferring management capabilities, frequent performance monitoring, evaluating new technology, monitoring external factors, managing information, and accountability. The information needs of farmers in Europe are closely linked to the evolution of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) of the European Union. The general agricultural policy framework is briefly presented in the paper. Price reduction, agri-environmental measures enhancement, and rural development policy are the most important elements of CAP reform. European agriculture is in the midst of major changes, mostly started in 1992, but destined to continue and increase in the near future. Different approaches to manage the agricultural sector involve the need for a different information system for farmers. It means not only new content in information, but also new ways to inform and do technical assistance. The primary information needs out are: farm management, risk management, EU programs and measures, quality production, low input and organic farming, marketing and advertising management, new technology introduction, structural adjustment funds management, investment decisions, rural tourism and recreational activities management. European agriculture is on the path to large and challenging changes. There is no way for farmers alone to manage these changes, and remain competitive in the market. Providing information has become the most important part of the extension activity. Information must include training sessions, demonstrations in the field, and assessment, together with the farmers, of the activities and the results obtained. There are many similarities in the farm management information needs of farmers in the US and EU. A critical factor for the Extension Services in the future is to adjust rapidly to the changes, and quickly develop new content and delivery plans for farmers' training. The challenge for universities and extension services to respond to the information needs will strain their resources. Collaborative efforts between our institutions may prove more valuable as faculty attempt to develop research and educational programs relevant to the emerging information needs. In addition, cooperation with the growing private sector agricultural education programs will probably be essential if public education and information delivery systems are to remain relevant.Farm Management,

Environmental Sustainability of Pasta Production: an Evaluation through Life Cycle Assessment

The recent policy of Green Deal aims to a transition towards ‘healthy, equitable and sustainable communities’. One of the key sectors analysed within the Green Deal is the agri-food chain, with the strategy ‘From Farm to Fork’, aiming to design a sustainable food system from production to consumption, passing through industry processing, distribution and all related activities. At the agricultural level, the objectives are in line with those presented in the United Nations 2030 Agenda, from technologies and digitalization, to organic farming. As for the transformation and distribution phases, the Commission is promoting technological and technical innovation, the restructuring of companies and the improvement of the quality of work. The aim of this study is to perform a Life Cycle Assessment related to one of the main products of a company of the agri-food sector in central Italy. The product analysed is durum wheat pasta. A cradle to gate analysis is performed, starting from the cultivation of the wheat, arriving to the final pasta product. The different transformation steps are evaluated (e.g. cleaning, grinding, compression, extrusion), including the packaging process. The analysis is aimed at identifying the most critical phases along the chain, to plan improvements in terms of efficiency of the production process, with consequent enhancement of the environmental performance

L’impatto ambientale ed economico del cambiamento climatico sull’agricoltura

I cambiamenti climatici rappresentano uno dei problemi ambientali più dibattuti da parte della pubblica opinione, delle comunità scientifiche, dei governi nazionali. L’agricoltura, che per la sua stessa natura è il settore produttivo più direttamente influenzato dagli eventi climatici, è potenzialmente esposto a grandi rischi, se il trend dei cambiamenti climatici ipotizzato da più parti a livello planetario dovesse davvero verificarsi. Il lavoro presenta i primi risultati conseguiti nell’ambito del progetto FISR “Modello integrato per l’evoluzione degli ecosistemi naturali e agricoli in relazione ai cambiamenti climatici nell’area mediterranea” (M.I.C.E.N.A.), Attività 13 (Analisi tecnico-economica delle variazioni dei principali indicatori di pressione ambientale), giunto alla fine del secondo anno di attività, dei tre previsti. L’obiettivo della ricerca è quello di verificare le conseguenze economiche ed ambientali degli eventuali cambiamenti climatici sull’agricoltura in alcune aree campione dell’Umbria, attraverso simulazioni condotte con l’aiuto di modelli in grado di restituire, oltre ai risultati economici, anche una serie di indicatori capaci di sintetizzare i principali effetti ambientali. La prima fase del lavoro è consistita nella rilevazione ed analisi dei dati territoriali di base relativi alle tre aree di studio umbre (Asta del Tevere, Lago Trasimeno e Conca Ternana) ai fini dell’implementazione degli archivi necessari per il funzionamento del modello di valutazione tecnica, economica ed ambientale (Luciani, Melis, Sediari, 2006). Il modello inizialmente scelto per condurre le simulazioni è stato Planetor (CFFM, 1994), che successivamente è stato affiancato da CropSyst, un altro modello che, dopo i primi test, si è rivelato più adatto per il conseguimento degli obiettivi della ricerca. Alcune funzionalità di Planetor, tuttavia, sono state utilizzate ai fini di una migliore comprensione dei risultati ottenuti con CropSyst. Inoltre, tutto il lavoro di predisposizione degli archivi dei dati tecnici, climatici, podologici (Boggia, Klair, 1995), è rimasto valido anche per l’utilizzo in CropSyst. La simulazione degli scenari di riferimento e la successiva rappresentazione dei risultati sono state eseguite utilizzando un Sistema Informativo Territoriale (SIT), sfruttando in questo modo la possibilità di collegamento di CropSyst con un’interfaccia GIS. Nel presente lavoro sono presentati i primi risultati, relativi a due decenni e su tre aree 2 campione, e viene affrontata una prima analisi ed interpretazione degli stessi, ed una discussione sul percorso metodologico impostato ed utilizzato.

Conservation of Landrace: The Key Role of the Value for Agrobiodiversity Conservation. An Application on Ancient Tomatoes Varieties

Abstract Agricultural biological diversity (agrobiodiversity), is a small component of biodiversity, and presents two levels: genetic resources for food and agriculture and ecological services. All the components contribute to sustain the key functions of agro-ecosystems. It is commonly acknowledged that biodiversity is jeopardized by erosion, whereas there is less awareness about agrobiodiversity loss, although this has very negative short and long-term consequences for producers and consumers. In particular, important for conserving agrobiodiversity is the protection of landraces (LRs). The disappearance of LRs, also called by the farmers local or primitive varieties, means both genetic and cultural erosion. For this reason, in-situ LRs conservation is essential, as well as the ex situ one. The main objective of the present work is the evaluation of agrobiodiversity and of its role for the local community, by means of the Contingent Valuation. The attention is focused on the tomatoes landrace "Pomodoro di Mercatello", a variety once widely cultivated in some areas within the province of Perugia and now kept alive by a farmer who still grows and sells it

Un modello per la valutazione della sostenibilità dello sviluppo a livello territoriale

This paper shows how MCDM can help in a complex process such as the assessment of the level of sustainability of a certain area. It presents the result of a study for the implementation of a model for measuring sustainability to address policy actions for the improvement of sustainability. In order to assess sustainability in specific areas, a methodological approach based on multicriteria analysis has been developed. The aim is to define a ranking of the areas to better understand what are the needs for technical and financial support towards the sustainable development path. A case study is presented, the assessment of the level of sustainability in different areas of an Italian Region using the MCDM approach

Measuring circularity: an application of modified Material Circularity Indicator to agricultural systems

AbstractThe transition from a linear to a circular economy is a research trend topic, as well as the possibility to measure the degree of circularity of products and systems. In a linear economy, raw materials are taken from nature and transformed into final products, which are subsequently used and become waste. On the contrary, a circular economy is an economic model that is restorative by intent and design. To measure the degree of circularity is fundamental for understanding processes and improving them. Moreover, this kind of measure could be useful for driving policies on the topic and achieving a higher level of sustainability. Until now, only few studies have been focusing on how to effectively measure the circularity level of a product, a supply chain, or a service. Moreover, in the circular economy paradigm, there are two types of cycles: the technical and biological ones. Biological cycles are mainly connected to the agricultural sector, and for this kind of cycle, the lack of measurement is even bigger. However, some agricultural productions, such as intensive meat production processes, have basically a linear structure. Intensive broiler production, for instance, uses a quite high rate of inputs, which is not entirely converted into edible products but instead results in a percentage of wasteful outputs. The aim of this work is to propose a modification of one of the few available tools for measuring the circularity, the Material Circularity Indicator (MCI), for adapting it to biological cycles. The modified MCI was applied to the poultry sector, integrating the results with the Life Cycle Assessment methodology

Multiobjective strategies for farms, using the Dominance-based Rough Set Approach

The objective of this work is to present how the decision support method IMO-DRSA, combining the Interactive Multiobjective Optimization (IMO) with the Dominance-based Rough Set Approach (DRSA), can be efficiently applied in the agricultural sector, in order to determine optimal and sustainable planning strategies for farms. The method, elaborated by Greco, Matarazzo and Slowinski in 2008, is a novelty in the multiobjective optimization sector. Through IMO-DRSA, we found an optimal multiobjective strategy related to the farm planning of our case study, conciliating four different objectives, one of economic and three of environmental nature. Concerning some practical problems for the application of the method in the agricultural sector, availability and completeness of both environmental and economic data represented a crucial aspect. Another important point concerned the level of subjectivity intrinsic in the method.The objective of this work is to present how the decision support method IMO-DRSA, combining the Interactive Multiobjective Optimization (IMO) with the Dominance-based Rough Set Approach (DRSA), can be efficiently applied in the agricultural sector, in order to determine optimal and sustainable planning strategies for farms. The method, elaborated by Greco, Matarazzo and Slowinski in 2008, is a novelty in the multiobjective optimization sector. Through IMO-DRSA, we found an optimal multiobjective strategy related to the farm planning of our case study, conciliating four different objectives, one of economic and three of environmental nature. Concerning some practical problems for the application of the method in the agricultural sector, availability and completeness of both environmental and economic data represented a crucial aspect. Another important point concerned the level of subjectivity intrinsic in the method